DevOps

Docker has become the standard for containerization, but running containers in production requires following best practices for security, performance, and reliability. This guide covers essential practices for production Docker deployments. Image optimization Use multi-stage builds Reduce final image size by using multi-stage builds: # Stage 1: Build FROM node:18-alpine AS builder WORKDIR /app COPY package*.json ./ RUN npm ci COPY . . RUN npm run build # Stage 2: Runtime FROM node:18-alpine WORKDIR /app RUN addgroup -g 1001 -S nodejs && \ adduser -S nodejs -u 1001 COPY --from=builder --chown=nodejs:nodejs /app/dist ./dist COPY --from=builder --chown=nodejs:nodejs /app/node_modules ./node_modules COPY --chown=nodejs:nodejs package*.json ./ USER nodejs EXPOSE 3000 CMD ["node", "dist/index.js"] Use minimal base images Prefer Alpine or distroless images: ...

During incident Roles: incident commander, comms lead, ops/feature SMEs, scribe. Declare severity quickly; open shared channel/bridge; timestamp actions. Stabilize first: roll back, feature-flag off, scale up, or shed load. Runbooks & tooling Prebuilt runbooks per service: restart/rollback steps, dashboards, logs, feature flags. One-click access to dashboards (metrics, traces, logs), recent deploys, and toggles. Paging rules with escalation; avoid noisy alerts. Comms Single source of truth: incident doc; external status page if needed. Regular updates with impact, scope, mitigation, ETA. After incident Blameless postmortem; timeline, root causes, contributing factors. Action items with owners/deadlines; track to completion. Add tests/alerts/runbook updates; reduce time-to-detect and time-to-recover.

Kubernetes provides several deployment strategies to ensure zero-downtime updates and safe rollouts of new application versions. Understanding these strategies is crucial for maintaining reliable production systems. Deployment strategy overview Kubernetes deployment strategies determine how new versions of your application replace old ones. The choice depends on: Risk tolerance: How critical is zero downtime? Traffic patterns: Can you route traffic to multiple versions? Rollback speed: How quickly can you revert if issues occur? Resource constraints: Can you run multiple versions simultaneously? Rolling update (default) The default Kubernetes deployment strategy gradually replaces old pods with new ones. ...